What is the process of stratification in sampling?

The process of stratification in sampling involves dividing the entire population into distinct, homogeneous subgroups or strata that share similar characteristics. This method allows for more precise estimates by ensuring that each subgroup is adequately represented in the final sample. By recognizing the diversity within the population and ensuring that various segments are included, stratified sampling enhances the reliability and validity of the results. It is particularly useful when the researcher anticipates that the differences between strata will significantly affect the outcome of the study.

For instance, if a researcher is conducting a survey about consumer behavior, they might stratify by age, income, or geographic location to ensure that different perspectives are captured, leading to more robust conclusions. The key aspect of stratification is that it organizes the population into groups that allow for targeted sampling, thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of the sampling process.